1、安装nginx略

https://www.jb51.net/article/49479.htm

2、使用openssl实现证书中心
由于是使用openssl架设私有证书中心，因此要保证以下字段在证书中心的证书、服务端证书、客户端证书中都相同
Country Name
State or Province Name
Locality Name
Organization Name
Organizational Unit Name

编辑证书中心配置文件
vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

[ CA_default ]
dir             = /etc/pki/CA
certs           = $dir/certs            # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir         = $dir/crl              # Where the issued crl are kept
database        = $dir/index.txt        # database index file.
#unique_subject = no                    # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                                       # several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts         # default place for new certs.
certificate     = $dir/cacert.pem       # The CA certificate
serial          = $dir/serial           # The current serial number
crlnumber       = $dir/crlnumber        # the current crl number                                        # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl             = $dir/crl.pem          # The current CRL
private_key     = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
RANDFILE        = $dir/private/.rand    # private random number file

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName                     = Country Name(2 letter code)
countryName_default             = CN
countryName_min                 = 2
countryName_max                 = 2
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default     = FJ
localityName                    = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default            = FZ
0.organizationName              = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default      = zdz
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
organizationalUnitName_default  = zdz

创建证书私钥
cd /etc/pki/CA/private
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out cakey.pem 2048)
生成自签证书
cd /etc/pki/CA/
openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days=3655

3、创建服务器证书
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/ssl
cd /usr/local/nginx/ssl
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 1024)
openssl req -new -key nginx.key -out nginx.csr
openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days=3650

4、创建客户端浏览器证书
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024)
openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -days=3650
将文本格式的证书转换成可以导入浏览器的证书
openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.p12  

5、配置nginx服务器验证
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ssl on;
ssl_certificate         /usr/local/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key     /usr/local/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
ssl_client_certificate  /usr/local/nginx/ssl/cacert.pem;
ssl_session_timeout     5m;
#ssl_verify_client       on;                         服务器验证客户端，暂时不开启，让没有证书的客户端可以访问，先完成单向验证
ssl_protocols           SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;

点击“我已充分了解可能的风险”

点击“添加例外”

点击“确认安全例外”

6、配置双向验证
nginx配置开启ssl_verify_client       on;    
在客户端浏览器没有安装证书的情况下访问

在客户端浏览器导入证书

将在Linux服务器上生成的客户端证书下载到windows上

打开火狐浏览器的高级选项卡

在证书管理器中的您的证书中点击导入

选择证书并导入

再次刷新网页，弹出“使用确认”点击确定，就实现了双向验证